This represents an increase of about 1.3 billion people. Urbanization rate increased from 27.3% in 1975 to 49% in 2000 according to the United Nations estimates. Long rural the tropical countries are confronted with the urban growth, with the biggest upheavals of the lifestyles of its history. In addition to malaria, Côte d’Ivoire is facing other diseases such as intestinal parasitosis. Children under 5 years and pregnant women are the most affected. In Côte d’Ivoire, malaria is the main cause of morbidity (40%) and mortality (10%) in the general population. In pregnant women, these parasitic infections cause maternity accidents such as premature births, maternal-fetal death, and malformations. With hundreds of millions of sick people every year and about three million deaths per year, intestinal parasites and malaria remain the most important diseases in sub-Saharan Africa and mainly affect children and pregnant women. Intestinal parasitosis and malaria remain the most important diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. *Address all correspondence to: 10.5772/intechopen.79699 From the Edited Volume Centre de Recherche et de Lutte contre le Paludisme (CRLP), Institut National de Santé Publique de Côte d’Ivoire, Côte d’Ivoire.Laboratoire de Génétique, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, UFR Biosciences, Côte d’Ivoire.Laboratoire des Interactions Hôte-Microorganisme-Environnement et Evolution (LIHME), Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé, UFR Environnement, Côte d’Ivoire.Laboratoire de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, UFR Biosciences, Côte d’Ivoire.Malaria is less common in pregnant women, while the rate of digestive parasites remains high. No link could be established between the presence of digestive parasites and the age of pregnant women or socioeconomic conditions (level of education, profession, type of toilet). It has been shown that the occurrence of malaria has been linked to the nonuse of impregnated mosquito nets (χ2 = 0.012, p = 0.018) to age. The calculated average parasitic loads revealed 3089.2 tpz/μl of blood (95% CI, 591.1–5587.3) for malaria, 6.5 eggs per gram of stool (95% CI, 0.4–13.4) for intestinal helminths, and one (1) parasite by microscopic field for protozoa (common infestation). Concerning digestive protozoa, it has been observed 71.3% of nonpathogenic, against 9.7% of pathogens, either an overall prevalence of 51.4% of digestive parasites. The plasmodic index was 3.9% with an infestation specific rate for P. Overall, 331 pregnant women in the last trimester of their pregnancy were enrolled.
We evaluated the prevalence and the parasite load of malaria and gastrointestinal parasites and then investigated the risk factors for these disorders. Blood samples were examined by means of drop thick and blood smear, as for stool by direct examination and concentration by formalin-ether method. A prospective study was carried out from 2010 to 2012 at the Hôpital Général d’Abobo (HGA) in Abidjan, in order to determine the impact of infectious and parasitic diseases on child cognitive development.
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